<div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><b>Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his government are increasingly wielding strong-arm tactics to subdue political opponents and critics of the ruling Hindu-nationalist party.</b></span><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A decade into power, and on the cusp of securing five more years, the Modi government is reversing India’s decadeslong commitment to multiparty democracy and secularism.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party has brought corruption charges against many officials from its main rival, the Congress Party, but few convictions. Dozens of politicians from other opposition parties are under investigation or in jail. And just last month, Modi’s government froze the Congress party’s bank accounts for what it said was non-payment of taxes.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Modi administration says the country’s investigating agencies are independent and that its democratic institutions are robust, pointing to high voter turnout in recent elections that have delivered Modi’s party a clear mandate.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Yet civil liberties are under attack. Peaceful protests have been crushed with force. A once free and diverse press is threatened. Violence is on the rise against the Muslim minority. And the country’s judiciary increasingly aligns with the executive branch.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">To better understand how Modi is reshaping India and what is at stake in an election that begins April 19 and runs through June 1, the AP spoke with a lawyer, a journalist, and an opposition politician.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Here are their stories:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">DEFENDING MODI’S CRITICS</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Mihir Desai has fought for the civil liberties and human rights of India’s most disadvantaged communities, such as the poor and Muslims, for nearly four decades.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The 65-year-old lawyer from India’s financial capital Mumbai is now working on one of his – and the country’s – most high-profile cases: defending a dozen political activists, journalists and lawyers jailed in 2018 on accusations of plotting to overthrow the Modi government. The accusations, he says, are baseless – just one of the government’s all-too-frequent and audacious efforts to silence critics.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">One of the defendants in the case, a Jesuit priest and longtime civil rights activist, died at age 84 after about nine months in custody. The other defendants remain in jail, charged under anti-terror laws that rarely result in convictions.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“First authorities came up with a theory that they planned to kill Modi. Now they are being accused of being terrorist sympathizers,” he said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The point of it all, Desai believes, is to send a message to any would-be critics.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">According to digital forensics experts at U.S.-based Arsenal Consulting, the Indian government hacked into the computers of some of the accused and planted files that were later used as evidence against them.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">To Desai, this is proof that the Modi government has “weaponized” the country’s once-independent investigative agencies.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">He sees threats to Indian democracy all around him. Last year, the government removed the country’s chief justice as one of three people who appoint commissioners overseeing elections; Modi and the opposition leader in parliament are the others. Now, one of Modi’s cabinet ministers has a vote in the process, giving the ruling party a 2-1 majority.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“It’s a death knell to free and fair elections,” Desai said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A POLITICIAN’S PLIGHT IN KASHMIR</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Waheed-Ur-Rehman Para, 35, was long seen as an ally in the Indian government’s interests in Kashmir. He worked with young people in the majority-Muslim, semi-autonomous region and preached to them about the benefits of embracing India and its democratic institutions – versus seeking independence, or a merger with Pakistan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Beginning in 2018, though, Para was viewed with suspicion by the Modi government for alleged connections to anti-India separatists. Since then, he has been jailed twice: in 2019 on suspicion that he and other political opponents could stoke unrest; and in 2020 on charges of supporting militant groups -- charges he denies.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The accusations stunned Para, whose People’s Democratic Party once ruled Kashmir in an alliance with Modi’s party.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">But he believes the motivation was clear: “I was arrested to forcibly endorse the government’s 2019 decision,” he said, referring to a clampdown on the resistance in Kashmir after the elimination of the region’s semi-autonomous status.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Modi’s administration argues the move was necessary to fully integrate the disputed region with India and foster economic development there.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">After his 2020 arrest, Para remained in jail for nearly two years, often in solitary confinement, and was subjected to “abusive interrogations,’’ according to U.N. experts.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“My crime was that I wanted the integration of Kashmir, not through the barrel of the gun,” said Para, who is seeking to represent Kashmir’s main city in the upcoming election.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Para sees his own plight within the larger context of the Modi government’s effort to silence perceived opponents, especially those with ties to Muslims, who make up 14% of India’s population.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“It is a huge ethical question … that the largest democracy in the world is not able to assimilate, or offer dignity to, the smallest pocket of its people,” he said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The campaign to turn once-secular India into a Hindu republic may help Modi win elections in the short term, Para said, but something much bigger will be lost.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“It risks the whole idea of this country’s diversity,” he said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A JOURNALIST FIGHTS CHARGES</div><div style="text-align: justify;">In October 2020, independent journalist Sidheeq Kappan was arrested while trying to report on a government clampdown in the northern Uttar Pradesh state ruled by Modi’s party.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">For days, authorities had been struggling to contain protests and outcry over a gruesome rape case. Those accused of the crime were four upper caste Hindu men, while the victim belonged to the Dalit community, the lowest rung of India’s caste hierarchy.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Kappan, a 44-year-old Muslim, was detained and jailed before he even reached the crime site, accused of intending to incite violence. After two years in jail, his case reached India’s top court in 2022. While he was quickly granted bail, the case against him is ongoing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Kappan’s case is not unique, and he says it highlights how India is becoming increasingly unsafe for journalists. Under intense pressure from the state, many Indian news organizations have become more pliant and supportive of government policies,</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“Those who have tried to be independent have come under relentless attack by the government,” he said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Foreign journalists are banned from reporting in Kashmir, for example. Same goes for India’s northeast Manipur state, which has been embroiled in ethnic violence for almost a year.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Television news is increasingly dominated by stations touting the government’s Hindu nationalist agenda, such as a new citizenship law that excludes Muslim migrants. Independent TV stations have been temporarily shut down, and newspapers that run articles critical of Modi’s agenda find that any advertising from the government – an important source of revenue – quickly dries up.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Last year, the India offices of the BBC were raided on tax irregularities just days after it aired a documentary critical of Modi.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The advocacy group Reporters Without Borders ranks India 161st on a worldwide list of countries’ press freedoms, reports AP&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Kappan said he has barely been able to report news since his arrest. The trial keeps him busy, requiring him to travel to a court hundreds of miles away every other week. The time and money required for his trial have made it difficult for him to support his wife and three children, Kappan said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“It is affecting their education, their mental health,” he said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">bnbd24/fas</div>