<div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><b>A baby born somewhere on Tuesday will be the world's eight billionth person, according to a projection by the United Nations.</b></span><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">"The milestone is an occasion to celebrate diversity and advancements while considering humanity's shared responsibility for the planet," UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said in a statement.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The UN attributes the growth to human development, with people living longer thanks to improvements in public health, nutrition, personal hygiene and medicine.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">It is also the result of higher fertility rates, particularly in the world's poorest countries -- most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa -- putting their development goals at risk.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><b>- How many is too many? -</b></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Population growth has also magnified the environmental impacts of economic development.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">But while some worry that eight billion humans is too many for planet Earth, most experts say the bigger problem is the overconsumption of resources by the wealthiest people.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">"Some express concerns that our world is overpopulated," said United Nations Population Fund chief Natalia Kanem. "I am here to say clearly that the sheer number of human lives is not a cause for fear."</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Joel Cohen of Rockefeller University's Laboratory of Populations told AFP the question of how many people Earth can support has two sides: natural limits and human choices.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Our choices result in humans consuming far more biological resources, such as forests and land, than the planet can regenerate each year.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The overconsumption of fossil fuels, for example, leads to more carbon dioxide emissions, responsible for global warming.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">"We are stupid. We lacked foresight. We are greedy. We don't use the information we have. That's where the choices and the problems lie," said Cohen.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">However, he rejects the idea that humans are a curse on the planet, saying people should be given better choices.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><b>- Slowing growth -</b></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The current population is more than three times higher than the 2.5 billion global headcount in 1950.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">However, after a peak in the early 1960s, the world's population growth rate has decelerated dramatically, Rachel Snow of the UN Population Fund told AFP.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Annual growth has fallen from a high of 2.1 percent between 1962 and 1965 to below 1 percent in 2020.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">That could potentially fall further to around 0.5 percent by 2050 due to a continued decline in fertility rates, the United Nations projects.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The UN projects the population to continue growing to about 8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050, and peaking around 10.4 billion in the 2080s.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Other groups have, however, calculated different figures.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The US-based Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimated in a 2020 study that the global population would max out by 2064, without ever reaching 10 billion, and decline to 8.8 billion by 2100.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><b>- Black Death -</b></div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Since the emergence of the first humans in Africa over two million years ago the world's population has ballooned, with only fleeting pauses to the increasing number of people sharing Earth.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Our ancestors were hunter-gatherers, who had few children compared to later settled populations in order to maintain their nomadic lifestyle.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The introduction of agriculture in the Neolithic era, around 10,000 BC, brought the first known major population leap.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">With agriculture came sedentarization and the ability to store food, which caused birth rates to soar.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">From around six million in 10,000 BC, the global population leapt to 100 million in 2,000 BC and then to 250 million in the first century AD, according to the French Institute for Demographic Studies.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">As a result of the Black Death, the human population dropped between 1300 and 1400, from 429 to 374 million.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Other events, like the Plague of Justinian, which hit the Mediterranean over two centuries from 541-767, and the wars of the early Middle Ages in western Europe, also caused temporary dips in the number of humans on Earth.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">From the 19th century on, the population began to explode, due largely to the development of modern medicine and the industrialization of agriculture, which boosted global food supplies.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">Since 1800, the world's population has jumped eight-fold, from an estimated one billion to eight billion.</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">The development of vaccines was key, with the smallpox jab particularly helping zap one of history's biggest killers. AFP</div><div style="text-align: justify; "><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">bnbd24/kh</div>