<div style="text-align: justify; "><b style="font-size: 1rem;">Turkey was already battling runaway inflation and relying on rich allies for funding to keep its economy afloat when a massive earthquake killed tens of thousands, razed entire cities and left millions needing urgent help.</b><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Now, it must pour billions of dollars into rebuilding 11 southeastern provinces flattened by the February 6 tremor -- the worst disaster of its post-Ottoman history.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">That money will have to come on top of the billions of dollars in election promises that President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has made in the run-up to crucial polls still tentatively planned for May 14.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">All this cash could turbo-charge consumer spending and industrial production -- two key indicators of economic growth.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The problem for Erdogan, however, is that Turkey is very short of funds.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The central bank's vanishing coffers have been replenished by assistance from Russia and oil-rich Gulf states, which has helped Turkey spend tens of billions of dollars propping up the lira in the past few years.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">But economists believe that money is only sufficient to keep Turkey's finances in order -- and the troubled lira from collapsing -- until the May polls.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Now, Erdogan must repair some $84.1 billion in quake damage, according to an estimate from a prominent business group.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Other experts' estimates are more conservative, putting the total closer to $10 billion.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Reconstruction boost -</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">With elections in mind, Erdogan has already promised to provide new homes to the millions affected within a year.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Should he find the cash, leaning heavily again on foreign donors, Erdogan will need to allocate much of it to the construction sector to rebuild parts of Turkey from the ground up.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Although contractors are now being blamed for following lax standards that allowed so many buildings to crumble, Erdogan relied on the sector to modernise much of the country with airports, roads and hospitals.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">"The boost to output from reconstruction activities may largely offset the negative impact of the disruption to economic activity," the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">For the overall economy, at least, there are glimmers of hope.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The area affected is one of Turkey's least developed, contributing only nine percent to gross domestic product (GDP).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">But Turkey's agricultural production could take a hit.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Unay Tamgac, associate professor of economics at Ankara's TOBB ETU University, said the region creates 14.3 percent of Turkey's total agriculture, fishing and forestry output.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The region is a global exporter of food such as apricots, she added, warning there could be a knock-on effect on prices.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has warned of disruptions to basic food production in Turkey and Syria.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Better than 1999? -</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The quake also damaged energy facilities, infrastructure, transportation, irrigation and logistics, added Tamgac.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Some look back to history for guidance.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Mahmoud Mohieldin, an executive director at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), said the 7.8-magnitude tremor could hurt the economy less than a 7.6-magnitude quake in 1999, which claimed more than 17,000 lives.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">An IMF spokesperson later said Mohieldin was speaking in a private capacity and not representing the fund's official view.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Turkish economy weakened by around 0.5 to 1.0 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1999. But that tremor hit the country's industrial heartland -- including economic powerhouse Istanbul.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The economy quickly rebounded, however, growing by 1.5 percent of GDP in 2000 thanks to reconstruction efforts, the EBRD said.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Last week's quake also "did not affect areas farther west favoured by foreign tourists, who have become one of Turkey's most important sources of foreign exchange", Wolfango Piccoli, an analyst at Teneo consultancy, said in a note.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Headwinds -</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The focus, then, is where Erdogan will get the cash to spend on rebuilding.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">"It's clear there will be a need for foreign currency," said Baki Demirel, associate professor of economy at Yalova University, since Turkey will now import more.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Turkey's sovereign debt levels are relatively low, meaning the government has some leeway to issue long-term debt.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">On the downside, foreign investors have shunned Turkey because of Erdogan's unorthodox economic views, which include an ill-fated attempt to fight inflation by slashing interest rates.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">When the quake hit, Turkey's annual inflation rate had slowed from a two-decade high of 85 percent last year to 58 percent.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">With all the headwinds, economists agree the economy will stall in the coming year.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;">"Despite the uncertainty and different factors at play, such as global economic conditions and internal political expectations, the Turkish economy is likely to stagnate or grow below its natural rate," economist Murat Kubilay wrote in a note online. AFP</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify; ">bnbd24/kh</div>